Cucumber keywords

Gherkin Keywords
Feature
Background
Scenario
Given
When
Then
And
But
Scenario Outline
Examples

The Question Mark Modifier

Given I have 1 cucumber in my basket

Given I have 256 cucumbers in my basket

...

Given /I have (\d+) cucumbers? in my basket/ do |number|

  # TODO: code goes here

End

Noncapturing Groups

When I visit the homepage

When I go to the homepage

...

When /I (?:visit|go to) the homepage/ do

  # TODO: code goes here

End

Scenario Outline

Scenario Outline: Withdraw fixed amount

Given I have <Balance> in my account

When I choose to withdraw the fixed amount of <Withdrawal> Then I should <Outcome>

And the balance of my account should be <Remaining>

Examples: Successful withdrawal

| Balance | Withdrawal  | Outcome             | Remaining |

| $500     | $50            | receive $50 cash  | $450         |

| $500     | $100          | receive $100 cash | $450        |

Examples: Attempt to withdraw too much

| Balance | Withdrawal | Outcome                   | Remaining |

| $100     | $200          | see an error message | $100        |

Nested Steps

Given /^a (\w+) widget with the following details:$/ do |color, details_table|

  step "I create a #{color} widget with the following details:", details_table

  steps %{

    And I register the #{color} widget

    And I activate the #{color} widget

  }

end

Command Line Options

Formatters

pretty : Prints the feature as is - in colours. Used by default.
progress : Prints one character per scenario.
html : Generates HTML report.
json : Prints the feature as JSON
junit : Generates a report similar to Ant+JUnit (can be useful for CI).
usage : Lists all of the step definitions in your project, as well as the steps that are using it. It shows you unused step definitions, and it sorts the step definitions by their average execution time.
stepdefs : Prints All step definitions with their locations. Same as the usage formatter, except that steps are not printed.
rerun : Prints failing files with line numbers.

Examples:

cucumber --format progress

..U--..F..

Each character represents the status of each step:

• . means passing.
• U means undefined.
• - means skipped (or a Scenario Outline step).
• F means failing.

cucumber -f pretty -f html --out cukes.html -f rerun --out rerun.txt

This tells Cucumber to write the HTML report to the file cukes.html, then rerun output to rerun.txt, and finally display the pretty formatter’s output in the console.

Useful Options

-b, --backtrace

Prints a full backtrace for each failure instead of a shortened one.

-v, --verbose

Outputs places where Cucumber is looking for code.

-r, --require

Tells Cucumber explicitly where to load code from.

-w, --wip

Fail if there are any passing scenarios.

-S, --strict

Fail if there are any undefined or pending steps.

-d, --dry-run

Invokes formatters without executing the steps. This also omits the loading of your support/env.rb file if it exists.

Filtering

Filltering with Tag Expressions

$ cucumber --tags @focus,@email

@focus OR @email

$ cucumber --tags @fast --tags @focus,@email

@fast AND (@focus OR @email)

$ cucumber --tags ~@slow --tags @focus,@email

NOT @slow AND (@focus OR @email)

$ cucumber --tags @javascript:10

Execute all scenarios tagged with @javascript, failing if more than ten are found.

Filtering on Lines

$ cucumber features/something.feature --line 45

$ cucumber features/something.feature:45

$ cucumber features/something.feature:45:89:107

Filtering on Names

$ cucumber --name logout

Runs scenarios that have logout in their name.

$ cucumber --exclude logout

Runs all scenarios except those with logout in their name.

Hooks

Scenario hooks

Before, After, Around.

Step hooks

AfterStep.

Global hooks

AfterConfiguration.

Tagged hooks

Before('@cucumis, @sativus', '~@aqua') do

  # This will only run before scenarios tagged

  # with (@cucumis OR @sativus) AND NOT @aqua

end

Junit Runner

package Annotation; 

import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 
import cucumber.junit.Cucumber; 

@RunWith(Cucumber.class) 
@Cucumber.Options(format = {"pretty", "html:target/cucumber"}) 

public class runTest { }

Cucumber Book

Link